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Who Owned the Bronze Dildo?

This post is a revised and expanded version of an article written in 2018. ❡ While searching online for “Emperor Wu of Han,” I came across a story about a bronze phallus discovered in the emperor’s tomb. My first reaction was, “Of course it was Liu Che!” After laughing for a while, I traced the s...

👍 Did the Thumbs-Up Gesture Exist in Traditional China?

In modern Korean culture, people often say “ddabong!” while raising their thumb to praise someone in casual situations. This article traces the origins of the thumbs-up gesture in East Asian classical literature. ❡ First, the origin of the word “ddabong” (따봉) itself is clear. “Ddabong” comes from...

Jíjí Rúlǜlìng: The Original Meaning of Rúlǜlìng

— Did East Asian Ghosts Submit to Human Authority from the Beginning?

The phrase “jíjí rúlǜlìng” (急急如律令), used in incantations to expel ghosts, literally translates to “handle this urgently according to the statutes and ordinances.” The portion meaning “according to the statutes and ordinances”—rúlǜlìng (如律令)—was originally a formulaic phrase used to close official...

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